This text focuses on the techniques used to assess the
bioavailability and bioaccessibility of metals and persistent
organic pollutants in environmental samples. The opening chapter
considers the link between human health and contaminated land.
Then, the different sample preparation techniques applied to solid
and liquid samples for elemental analysis are discussed - in
particular, the need to destroy the matrix by heat and/or acid(s)
for solid samples whereas in the case of liquids the emphasis is on
pre-concentration and/or separation of metals from solution. The
book continues to evaluate the different sample preparation
techniques applied to solid and liquid samples for persistent
organic pollutant analysis. Consideration is then focused on the
different sample preparation techniques applied for single and
sequential extraction of metals from soils and sediments. Chapter 5
evaluates the different sample preparation techniques for
non-exhaustive extraction (cyclodextrin, supercritical-fluid
extraction, subcritical water extraction, solid-phase
microextraction and membrane separations) of persistent organic
pollutants from soils and sediments. In addition, a mathematical
approach to predict weak and strong solvents, based on the
Hildebrand solubility parameter, is proposed. In Chapter 6, the
different techniques for assessing the oral bioaccessibility of
metals and persistent organic pollutants from solid environmental
samples are considered. The penultimate chapter presents four case
studies taken from the author's own laboratory, as follows: The
first of these considers the uptake of metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and
Zn) by plants grown in compost under greenhouse conditions. The
secondconsiders the oral bioaccessibility of metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb
and Zn) from plants grown on contaminated compost using an "in
vitro" gastrointestinal extraction approach. Case study three
discusses the uptake of persistent organic pollutants (a-endosufan,
b-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate) by lettuce plants grown in
compost. Finally, case study four looks at the oral
bioaccessibility of persistent organic pollutants by lettuce plants
grown in compost using an "in vitro" gastrointestinal extraction
approach.
This book also contains a useful collection of data sheets that
could be used to record laboratory information at the time of
carrying out the experiments, plus a guide to selected
resources.
This text will be suitable for those carrying out undergraduate
courses in environmental science, as well as courses in related
disciplines, e.g. chemistry, life sciences, etc. It will also be
relevant for postgraduate training courses, including MSc and MRes
in environmental science and related disciplines and for
researchers interested in the bioavailability and associated
features of environmental contaminants.
The Analytical Techniques in the Sciences series of books
provides coverage of all of the major analytical techniques and
their application in the most important areas of physical, life and
materials science. Each text is presented in an open
learning/distance learning style, in which the learning objectives
are clearly identified. The reader's understanding of the material
is constantly evaluated by the use of self-assessment and
discussion questions. Series Editor: David J. Ando
General
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