Oxford University has not always possessed the high reputation in
the sciences for which it is now renowned: it was not until the
period between this centurys two world wars that science was firmly
established in a university previously noted for its devotion to
arts subjects. By 1939, despite only modest increases in the
numbers of fellows or undergraduates in science, Oxford had
developed an important new research identity. This transformation
took place in the face of considerable opposition. The powers of
the colleges, the poverty of the University relative to collegiate
wealth, and the heightened individualism endemic in a polycratic
university combined to produce academic conservatism which even in
the early twenties, could argue that Oxford should cede science to
Cambridge and concentrate on its more traditional strengths in the
arts. Jack Morrell shows how the innovators in the sciences coped
with these idiosyncrasies and mustered a variety of resources,
including government departments, leading industrialists,
philanthropic trusts, and individual benefactors, to overcome
academic inertia and to promote their subjects. Those interested in
the institutionalization of science will find this study
particularly important: it is the first book in English to examine
the development of all the sciences in a major university of the
twentieth century.
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