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Reforms and Economic Transformation in India (Hardcover)
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Reforms and Economic Transformation in India (Hardcover)
Series: Studies in Indian Economic Policies
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Reforms and Economic Transformation in India is the second volume
in the series Studies in Indian Economic Policies. The first
volume, India's Reforms: How They Produced Inclusive Growth (OUP,
2012), systematically demonstrated that reforms-led growth in India
led to reduced poverty among all social groups. They also led to
shifts in attitudes whereby citizens overwhelmingly acknowledge the
benefits that accelerated growth has brought them and as voters,
they now reward the governments that deliver superior economic
outcomes and punish those that fail to do so.
This latest volume takes as its starting point the fact that while
reforms have undoubtedly delivered in terms of poverty reduction
and associated social objectives, the impact has not been as
substantial as seen in other reform-oriented economies such as
South Korea and Taiwan in the 1960s and 1970s, and more recently,
in China. The overarching hypothesis of the volume is that the
smaller reduction in poverty has been the result of slower
transformation of the economy from a primarily agrarian to a
modern, industrial one. Even as the GDP share of agriculture has
seen rapid decline, its employment share has declined very
gradually. More than half of the workforce in India still remains
in agriculture. In addition, non-farm workers are overwhelmingly in
the informal sector. Against this background, the nine original
essays by eminent economists pursue three broad themes using firm
level data in both industry and services.
The papers in part I ask why the transformation in India has been
slow in terms of the movement of workers out of agriculture, into
industry and services, and from informal to formal employment. They
address what India needs to do to speed up this transformation.
They specifically show that severe labor-market distortions and
policy bias against large firms has been a key factor behind the
slow transformation. The papers in part II analyze the
transformation that reforms have brought about within and across
enterprises. For example, they investigate the impact of
privatization on enterprise profitability. Part III addresses the
manner in which the reforms have helped promote social
transformation. Here the papers analyze the impact the reforms have
had on the fortunes of the socially disadvantaged groups in terms
of wage and education outcomes and as entrepreneurs.
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