Drawing from a wide range of Uzbek and Russian sources, James
Critchlow analyzes significant developments leading up to
Uzbekistan's declaration of sovereignty and examines the outlook
for the republic's emergence as an independent international
player. The author's primary focus is on the Uzbek elites'
attitudes and their efforts to throw off Moscow's hegemony by using
popular grievances to mobilize mass support against the central
Soviet government. Critchlow traces local grievances to two roots.
The first is Uzbekistan's decades-long economic exploitation by
Moscow through the imposition of an intensive cotton monoculture,
the accumulated effects of which have been massive environmental
degradation, illness, and death. The second is the central
government's failure to adequately compensate Uzbekistan for these
hardships and for the republic's overall contribution to the Soviet
economy, while having further impoverished Uzbeks by limiting the
range of their cultural and political expression. Among the
manifestations of Uzbek resistance explored here are protests
against russification and compulsory military conscription;
persistent and open adherence to religious traditions; and loyalty
above all to local political, ethnic, and family ties-- which
frequently has led Moscow to charge the republic's leadership with
"nepotism" and "corruption". Now that their campaign for
sovereignty has triumphed, will Uzbek leaders be able to solve the
knotty political and economic problems their republic still faces?
The analysis offered here illuminates this question and suggests
possible answers.
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