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Ethical Norms, Particular Cases (Hardcover)
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Ethical Norms, Particular Cases (Hardcover)
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James D. Wallace treats moral considerations as beliefs about the
right and wrong ways of doing things beliefs whose source and
authority are the same as any other kind of practical knowledge.
Principles, rules, and norms arise from people's cumulative
experience in pursuing their purposes and struggling with the
problems they encounter. Moral knowledge, he contends, is excerpted
from the bodies of information we have developed so that we will be
able to raise our children, govern our communities, build our
buildings, heal our ailments, and pursue the many other activities
that constitute our lives. According to Wallace, understanding
moral norms is a matter of understanding how they, together with
the other pertinent items of practical knowledge, guide our complex
activities. The more we abstract a moral principle from the
concrete contexts in which it operates, Wallace argues, the less
intelligible the principle becomes. Wallace's suggestion that
difficult moral problems are properly resolved by attending to
their context rejects Plato's thesis that immutable, timeless,
universal values exist. He illustrates the process of extracting
resolutions for moral dilemmas from the practical knowledge
involved in concrete problems of law, medicine, and scientific
research. Unprecedented problems sometimes evoke disagreement and
uncertainty, prompting Wallace to consider controversies in areas
as diverse as chess, commerce, and slavery. The final issue Wallace
explores is the abortion problem, reasoned from the particularist
perspective he advocates."
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