Intellectual disability is characterised by deficits in cognitive
and adaptive abilities that initially manifest before 18 years of
age. The prevalence of intellectual disability is estimated to be
between 1 and 3 out of every 100 individuals in the general
population. Most individuals have mild intellectual disability and
the cause is generally not identified. A small percentage of
individuals have severe deficits and will need lifetime supports.
The diagnosis of intellectual disability requires formal
psychometric testing to assess the intelligence quotient and
adaptive functioning. The management of individuals who have
intellectual disability is based on providing general medical care,
treatment of specific behavioral symptoms, early intervention,
special education, and variable degrees of community based
supports. In this book we present some current issues in
intellectual and developmental disability.
General
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