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Ought Implies Kant - A Reply to the Consequentialist Critique (Hardcover, New)
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Ought Implies Kant - A Reply to the Consequentialist Critique (Hardcover, New)
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Ought Implies Kant offers an original defense of the ethical theory
of Immanuel Kant, and develops an extension of that theory's
account of moral duty to include direct duties to nonhuman animals.
The discussion centers on a critical examination of
consequentialism, the view that the rightness or wrongness of an
action is determined solely by its consequences. Kantianism, by
contrast, claims that the core of ethics is to treat all
persons-or, in Joel Marks's view, all living beings-as
ends-in-themselves. The consequentialist criterion would seem to
permit, indeed require, violating the dignity of persons (not to
mention the dignity of other animals) if this would result in a
better outcome. This volume treats the consequentialist challenge
to Kantian ethics in several novel ways. To begin with, the
utilitarian version of consequentialism is delineated and defended
by means of a conceptual device dubbed by the author as the
Consequentialist Continuum. Marks then provides an exhaustive and
definitive exposition of the relatively neglected Epistemic
Objection to utilitarianism. While acknowledging the intuitive
appeal of utilitarianism's core conviction-that we should always do
what is for the best-Marks argues that this is an impossible
injunction to fulfill, or even to attempt to fulfill, because all
of the relevant results of our actions can never be known.
Kantianism is then introduced as a viable alternative account of
our ethical obligations. Marks argues that Kantianism is well
within the scope of normal human competence and conforms equally
well to our ethical intuitions once the theory's proper
interpretation is appreciated. However, Kant's own version must be
extended to accommodate the rightful moral consideration we owe to
nonhuman animals. Finally, Marks employs the notion of a
Consequentialist Illusion to explain utilitarianism's hold on our
moral intuitions, while developing a form of Consequentialist
Kantianism to address them. An original and penetrating examination
of a central debate
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