Joel S. Migdal revisits the approach U.S. officials have adopted
toward the Middle East since World War II, which paid scant
attention to tectonic shifts in the region. After the war, the
United States did not restrict its strategic model to the Middle
East. Beginning with Harry S. Truman, American presidents applied a
uniform strategy rooted in the country's Cold War experience in
Europe to regions across the globe, designed to project America
into nearly every corner of the world while limiting costs and
overreach.
The approach was simple: find a local power that could play
Great Britain's role in Europe after the war, sharing the burden of
exercising power, and establish a security alliance along the lines
of NATO. Yet regional changes following the creation of Israel, the
Free Officers Coup in Egypt, the rise of Arab nationalism from 1948
to 1952, and, later, the Iranian Revolution and the Egypt-Israel
peace treaty in 1979 complicated this project. Migdal shows how
insufficient attention to these key transformations led to a series
of missteps and misconceptions in the twentieth century. With the
Arab uprisings of 2009 through 2011 prompting another major shift,
Migdal sees an opportunity for the United States to deploy a new,
more workable strategy, and he concludes with a plan for gaining a
stable foothold in the region.
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