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Chapter III. RAPHAEL UNDER JULIUS II. (1508-1513.) JAPHAEL was now
entering upon a wider sphere in the service of a prince who united
great intelligence in temporal things to the most energetic mind.
Besides being a great sovereign and an illustrious general, Julius
II. also paid much honour to the arts and sciences. He raised the
state of morals,1 so depraved under Alexander VI., and brought back
peace, which Rome had not enjoyed for a long time. His artistic
enterprises, especially, were magnificent. He was not permitted to
see them completed; but he impressed on them all, by the assistance
of the talents which he had recognized and chosen, the stamp of his
own governing mind. It was he who carried out the vast project of
Nicholas V., of enlarging the Vatican to the proportions of a sort
of pontifical town, where there would not merely be room for the
pope and his suite, and for all the high clergy and guests of
distinguished rank, but also for all the clerical administrations;
and thus, in reality, to make of this palace a centre of
Christianity. He it was, also, who conceived the idea of restoring
the old Basilica 1 See the Lectures of Uberto Fogliatta: " Clarorum
Ligurum Elogia," p. 28; " Oldoino al Ciaconio," iii. col. 249, and
Tomaso Inghirami, Orat. p. 82. P. Bembo, B. Castiglione, and Lod.
Ariosto, in their Histories of Julius II. also praise his
endeavours to restore the state of morals as well as his courage
and love of justice. of St. Peter in such a manner as to make it
worthy the honour of being called the first Christian temple. The
monument intended to serve as a tomb for himself he entrusted to
Michael Angelo, and he wished it to be stamped with the imposing
character he himself desired to bear in history.1 He also commanded
the pow...
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