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Punishment and Desert (Paperback, 1973 ed.)
Loot Price: R1,519
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Punishment and Desert (Paperback, 1973 ed.)
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Superficial acquaintance with the literature on punishment leaves a
fairly definite impression. There are two approaches to punishment
- retributive and utilitarian - and while some attempts may be made
to reconcile them, it is the former rather than the latter which
requires the reconciliation. Taken by itself the retributive
approach is primitive and unenlightened, falling short of the
rational civilized humanitarian values which we have now acquired.
Certainly this is the dominant impression left by 'popular'
discussions of the subject. And retributive vs. utilitarian seems
to be the mould in which most philosophical dis cussions are cast.
The issues are far more complex than this. Punishment may be con
sidered in a great variety of contexts - legal, educational,
parental, theological, informal, etc. - and in each of these
contexts several im portant moral questions arise. Approaches which
see only a simple choice between retributivism and utilitarianism
tend to obscure this variety and plurality. But even more
seriously, the distinction between retributivism and utilitarianism
is far from clear. That it reflects the traditional distinction
between deontological and teleological ap proaches to ethics serves
to transfer rather than to resolve the un clarity. Usually it is
said that retributive approaches seek to justify acts by reference
to features which are intrinsic to them, whereas utilitarian
approaches appeal to the consequences of such acts. This, however,
makes assumptions about the individuation of acts which are
difficult to justify."
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