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Searching for Science Policy (Paperback)
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Searching for Science Policy (Paperback)
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The findings of scientific research often provide an important
baseline to the formation of public policy. However, effective
communication to the larger public about what scientists do and
know is a problem inherent to all democratic societies. It is the
prerogative of democratic societies to determine what kind of
scientific research will be funded. Searching for Science Policy
offers innovative ways of thinking about how the rhetoric and
practice of science operates in various institutional contexts. The
book is divided into two parts. Part 1, "Policy Uses and Misuses of
Science," explores the various ways in which scientific claims are
inevitably mediated by how they are used. Joel Best, draws on
statistics involving missing children, violence against women, and
attendance figures at political demonstrations to demonstrate how
the motivations to use inaccurate and misleading numbers stems
directly from the ideological and organizational interests of those
using them. Judith Kleinfeld analyzes recruitment policies for
women scientists at MIT, showing how hiring practices that may be
justifiable on extra-scientific factors are carried out based on
pseudo-scientific studies not subject to public scrutiny. Robert
MacCoun addresses the journalistic misuse of drug and drug abuse
statistics and shows how this profoundly distorts policy
implications drawn from them. And Allan Mazur examines the role
scientific evidence has come to play in the law, pointing out the
pitfalls of its intrinsic quality and how such evidence may be
interpreted or misinterpreted by judges and juries. Part 2,
"Searching for Science Policy," extends discussion of the role of
science to specific ideas about how public policy-making might be
improved in matters of law, family, environment, drug use, and
health. Mark Kleiman weighs the sometimes conflicting claims of
science and social order in formulating drug policy. Norval Glenn
calls for closer cooperation between professional associations, the
media, and researchers in reporting provisional social science
findings to the public. Stanley Rothman and S. Robert Lichter
examine the dynamic by which environmental organizations shape
public perceptions of risk and harm. And in the concluding chapter,
Sheila Jasanoff looks closely at differences between the
provisional nature of science as normally practiced and the more
contentious sphere of litigation that demands ultimate resolution.
In a time when scientists find themselves subject to more public
scrutiny than ever before, the well-informed citizen is no longer a
moral ideal but rather a social imperative. Searching for Science
Policy helps to clarify the grounds and the circumstances of more
effective use of science in public discourse.
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