A Treatise of Human Nature was published between 1739 and 1740.
Book I, entitled Of the Understanding, contains Hume's
epistemology, i.e., his account of the manner in which we acquire
knowledge in general, its justification (to the extent that he
thought it could be justified), and its limits. Book II, entitled
Of the Passions, expounds most of what could be called Hume's
philosophy of psychology in general, and his moral psychology
(including discussions of the problem of the freedom of the will
and the rationality of action) in particular. Book III, entitled Of
Morals, is also divided into three parts. Part II of Book III,
entitled Of justice and injustice, is the subject of the present
volume. In it Hume attempts to give an empiricist theory of
justice. He rejects the view, approximated to in varying degrees by
Cumberland, Cudworth, Locke, Clarke, Wollaston, and Butler, that
justice is something natural and part of the nature of things, and
that its edicts are eternal and immutable, and discernible by
reason. Hume maintains, on the contrary, as did Hobbes and
Mandeville, that justice is a matter of observing rules or
conventions which are of human invention, and that, in consequence,
our acquiring a knowledge of justice is an empirical affair of
ascertaining what these rules or conventions are.
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