The second volume of Dr Joseph Needham's great work Science and
Civilisation in China is devoted to the history of scientific
thought. Beginning with ancient times, it describes the Confucian
milieu in which arose the organic naturalism of the great Taoist
school, the scientific philosophy of the Mohists and Logicians, and
the quantitative materialism of the Legalists. Thus we are brought
on to the fundamental ideas which dominated scientific thinking in
the Chinese middle ages. The author opens his discussion by
considering the remote and pictographic origins of words
fundamental in scientific discourse, and then sets forth the
influential doctrines of the Two Forces and the Five Elements.
Subsequently he writes of the important sceptical tradition, the
effects of Buddhist thought, and the Neo-Confucian climax of
Chinese naturalism. Last comes a discussion of the conception of
Laws of Nature in China and the West.
General
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