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Books > Science & Mathematics > Science: general issues > History of science
The goal of this book is to introduce a reader to a new philosophy
of teaching and learning physics - Investigative Science Learning
Environment, or ISLE (pronounced as a small island). ISLE is an
example of an "intentional" approach to curriculum design and
learning activities (MacMillan and Garrison 1988 A Logical Theory
of Teaching: Erotetics and Intentionality). Intentionality means
that the process through which the learning occurs is as crucial
for learning as the final outcome or learned content. In ISLE, the
process through which students learn mirrors the practice of
physics.
Anxiety, the latest volume in the Vitamins and Hormones series
first published in 1943, and the longest-running serial published
by Academic Press, provides up-to-date information on the roles
that hormones and other factors play in anxiety and stress. Each
volume focuses on a single molecule or disease that is related to
vitamins or hormones, with the topic broadly interpreted to include
related substances, such as transmitters, cytokines, growth
factors, and others thoroughly reviewed.
J.B.S. Haldane (1892-1964) is widely appreciated as one of the
greatest and most influential British scientists of the 20th
century, making significant contributions to genetics, physiology,
biochemistry, biometry, cosmology, and other sciences. More
remarkable, then, is the fact that Haldane had no formal
qualification in science. He made frequent appearances in the
media, making pronouncements on a variety of poignant topics
including mining disasters, meteorites, politics, and the economy,
and was a popular scientific essay writer. Haldane also was famed
for conducting painful experiments on himself, including several
instances in which he permanently himself. A staunch Marxist and
convert to Hinduism, Haldane lived a diverse, lively and
interesting life that is still revered by today's science
community. A biography of Haldane has not been attempted since
1968, and that book provided an incomplete account of the man's
scientific achievement. "The Life and Works of J.B.S. Haldane"
serves to fix this glaring omission, providing a complete
biographical sketch written by Krishna Dronamraju, one of the last
living men to have worked personally with Haldane. A new genre of
biographies of 20th-century scientists has come into being, and
thus far works have been written about men like Einstein,
Oppenheimer, Bernal, Galton, and many more; the inclusion of
Haldane within this genre is an absolute necessity. Dronamraju
evaluates Haldane's social and political background, as well as his
scientific creativity and accomplishments. Haldane embodies a
generation of intellectuals who believed and promoted knowledge for
its own sake, and that spirit of scientific curiosity and passion
is captured in this biography.
This book describes the profound changes that occurred in the
teaching of chemistry in western countries in the years immediately
following the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik, the first
artificial Earth satellite, in 1957. With substantial government
and private funding, chemistry educators introduced new curricula,
developed programs to enhance the knowledge and skills of chemistry
teachers, conceived of new models for managing chemistry education,
and experimented with a plethora of materials for visualization of
concepts and delivery of content. They also began to seriously
study and apply findings from the behavioral sciences to the
teaching and learning of chemistry. Now, many chemistry educators
are contributing original research in the cognitive sciences that
relates to chemistry education. While Sputnik seemed to signal the
dawn of far-reaching effects that would take place in political,
diplomatic, and strategic, as well as in educational spheres, the
seeds of these changes were sown decades before, mainly through the
insight and actions of one individual, Neil Gordon, who, virtually
singlehandedly, launched the ACS Division of Chemical Education and
the Journal of Chemical Education. These two institutions provided
the impetus for the United States to eventually become the
undisputed leader in chemistry education worldwide.
This book examines the history and fundamentals of the physical
organic chemistry discipline. With the recent flowering of the
organic synthesis field, physical organic chemistry has seemed to
be shrinking or perhaps is just being absorbed into the toolkit of
the synthetic chemist. The only Nobel Prize that can be reasonably
attributed to a physical organic chemist is the 1994 award to
George Olah, although Jeffrey I. Seeman has recently made a strong
case that R. B. Woodward was actually a physical organic chemist in
disguise (I). 2014 saw the awarding of the 50th James Flack Norris
Award in Physical Organic Chemistry. James Flack Norris was an
early physical organic chemist, before the discipline received its
name. This book provides insight into the fundamentals of the
field, and each chapter is devoted to a major discovery or to noted
physical organic chemists, including Paul Schleyer, William
Doering, and Glen A. Russell.
Written by an immunologist, this book traces the concept of
immunity from ancient times up to the present day, examining how
changing concepts and technologies have affected the course of the
science. It shows how the personalities of scientists and even
political and social factors influenced both theory and practice in
the field. With fascinating stories of scientific disputes and
shifting scientific trends, each chapter examines an important
facet of this discipline that has been so central to the
development of modern biomedicine. With its biographical dictionary
of important scientists and its lists of significant discoveries
and books, this volume will provide the most complete historical
reference in the field.
Written in an elegant style by long-time practicing
immunologist
Discusses the changing theories and technologies that guided the
field
Tells of the exciting disputes among prominent scientists
Lists all the important discoveries and books in the field
Explains in detail the many Nobel prize-winning contributions of
immunologists"
Dalton's theory of the atom is generally considered to be what made
the atom a scientifically fruitful concept in chemistry. To be
sure, by Dalton's time the atom had already had a two-millenium
history as a philosophical idea, and corpuscular thought had long
been viable in natural philosophy (that is, in what we would today
call physics).
Atoms in Chemistry will examine episodes in the evolution of the
concept of the atom, particularly in chemistry, from Dalton's day
to our own. It begins with an overview of scientific atomic
theories from the 17th through 20th centuries that analyzes
corpuscular theories of matter proposed or entertained by natural
philosophers in the 17th century. Chapters will focus on
philosophical and religious conceptions of matter, 19th-century
organic structural theories, the debate surrounding the truth of
the atomic-molecular theory, and physical evidence accumulated in
the late 19th and early 20th centuries that suggested that atoms
were actually real, even if they were not exactly as Dalton
envisioned them. The final chapter of this book takes the reader
beyond the atom itself to some of the places associated with the
history of scientific atomism. As a whole, this volume will serve
as a passport to important episodes from the more than 200-year
history of atoms in chemistry.
Bishop Harvey Spencer never thought he'd witness a pandemic-just as he never expected to see the election of a Black president, the election of a female vice president (Black or otherwise), or an insurrection. But all of those things have happened, and our lives have been forever altered. In this book, he seeks to discover what God is trying to reveal to us by letting COVID-19 run rampant. By studying the Bible, he discovered it is not silent when it comes to fighting an infectious disease. He answers questions such as: - How did ancient Israel fight the spread of another infectious disease-leprosy? - What does the Bible tell us about quarantining individuals who are sick or may be sick? - Why do some elected officials continue to display a lack of leadership amid the pandemic? The author also examines what the Bible says about using face coverings, what the world has done to fight other outbreaks of disease, and similarities between COVID-19 and other deadly viruses. Get simple, practical explanations from the Bible that will help you understand the spread of COVID-19-and how to protect yourself-with A Biblical Response to COVID-19.
For modern scientists, history often starts with last week's
journals and is regarded as largely a quaint interest compared with
the advances of today. However, this book makes the case that,
measured by major advances, the greatest decade in the history of
brain studies was mid-twentieth century, especially the 1950s. The
first to focus on worldwide contributions in this period, the book
ranges through dozens of astonishing discoveries at all levels of
the brain, from DNA (Watson and Crick), through growth factors
(Hamburger and Levi-Montalcini), excitability (Hodgkin and Huxley),
synapses (Katz and Eccles), dopamine and Parkinson's (Carlsson),
visual processing (Hartline and Kuffler), the cortical column
(Mountcastle), reticular activating system (Morruzzi and Magoun)
and REM sleep (Aserinsky), to stress (Selye), learning (Hebb) and
memory (HM and Milner). The clinical fields are also covered, from
Cushing and Penfield, psychosurgery and brain energy metabolism
(Kety), to most of the major psychoactive drugs in use today
(beginning with Delay and Deniker), and much more.
The material has been the basis for a highly successful advanced
undergraduate and graduate course at Yale, with the classic papers
organized and accessible on the web. There is interest for a wide
range of readers, academic, and lay because there is a focus on the
creative process itself, on understanding how the combination of
unique personalities, innovative hypotheses, and new methods led to
the advances. Insight is given into this process through describing
the struggles between male and female, student and mentor, academic
and private sector, and the roles of chance and persistence. The
book thus provides a new multidisciplinary understanding of the
revolution that created the modern field of neuroscience and set
the bar for judging current and future advances.
For nearly 20 years, the author, Mary Virginia Orna has led Science
History tours to Europe and other parts of the world. Given the
broad popularity of her tours among those in the scientific
community, the ACS initiated a symposium on the topic as well as
this book. The goals of both the Orna-led tours and this book
include learning science through travel to sites where the science
actually happened and describing how such travel can interface with
the professional goals of chemists in academe, industry, and other
areas of endeavor. This book makes it possible to plan a
scientifically-oriented visit to well-known scientific sites armed
with information not necessarily available on the internet or in
guidebooks.
This work is a unique introductory A-Z resource detailing the
scientific achievements of the contemporary world and analyzing the
key scientific trends, discoveries, and personalities of the modern
age. Space exploration. Cloning. The Internet. In the past, such
modern scientific marvels would have been dismissed as the wildest
excesses of science fiction. Yet the age in which humans discovered
DNA-the blueprint of all life on earth-has also seen the
development of terrifying weapons capable of destroying all such
life, as well as a heightened public consciousness about science
and technology. An authoritative reference survey of the modern age
of scientific discovery, Science in the Contemporary World is a
scholarly yet accessible chronicle of scientific achievement from
the discovery of penicillin to the latest developments in space
exploration and cloning. Over 200 A-Z entries cover the full
spectrum of contemporary science, with emphasis on its diverse
nature.
Chemistry is intimately involved in the development of the oldest
known civilizations, resulting in a range of chemical technologies
that not only continue to be part of modern civilized societies,
but are so commonplace that it would be hard to imagine life
without them. Such chemical technology has a very long and rich
history, in some cases dating back to as early as 20,000 BCE.
Chemistry Technology in Antiquity aims to present the discovery,
development, and early history of a range of such chemical
technologies, with the added goal of including a number of smaller
subjects often ignored in the presentation of early chemical
technology. While the book does not aim to be a comprehensive
coverage of the full range of chemical technologies practiced
during antiquity, it provides a feel and appreciation for both the
deep history involved with these topics, as well as the complexity
of the chemical processes that were being utilized at such a very
early time period.
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