Presidents have long invoked electoral mandates to justify the
use of executive power. In Delivering the People s Message, Julia
R. Azari draws on an original dataset of more than 1,500
presidential communications, as well as primary documents from six
presidential libraries, to systematically examine choices made by
presidents ranging from Herbert Hoover in 1928 to Barack Obama
during his 2008 election. Azari argues that Ronald Reagan s
election in 1980 marked a shift from the modern presidency formed
by Franklin Delano Roosevelt to what she identifies as a more
partisan era for the presidency. This partisan model is a form of
governance in which the president appears to require a popular
mandate in order to manage unruly and deeply contrary elements
within his own party and succeed in the face of staunch resistance
from the opposition party.
Azari finds that when the presidency enjoys high public esteem
and party polarization is low, mandate rhetoric is less frequent
and employs broad themes. By contrast, presidents turn to mandate
rhetoric when the office loses legitimacy, as in the wake of
Watergate and Vietnam and during periods of intense polarization.
In the twenty-first century, these two factors have converged. As a
result, presidents rely on mandate rhetoric to defend their choices
to supporters and critics alike, simultaneously creating
unrealistic expectations about the electoral promises they will be
able to fulfill."
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