Rational Sentimentalism develops a novel theory of the sentimental
values. These values, which include the funny, the disgusting, and
the shameful, are profoundly important because they set standards
for emotional responses that are part of our shared human nature.
Yet moral philosophers have neglected them relative to their
prominent role in human mental life. The theory is sentimentalist
because it holds that these values are emotion-dependent-contrary
to some prominent accounts of the funny and the disgusting. Its
rational aspect arises from its insistence that the shameful (for
example) is not whatever elicits shame but what makes shame
fitting. Shameful traits provide reasons to be ashamed that do not
depend on whether one is disposed to be ashamed of them.
Furthermore, these reasons to be ashamed transmit to reasons to act
as shame dictates: to conceal. Sentimentalism requires a compatible
theory of emotion and emotional fittingness. This book explicates a
motivational theory of emotion that explains the peculiarities of
emotional motivation as other theories cannot. It argues that a
class of emotions are psychological kinds with a similar goal
across cultures despite differences in their elicitors. It then
develops an account of fittingness that helps to differentiate
reasons of fit, which bear on the sentimental values, from other
considerations for or against having an emotion. Significant and
controversial conclusions emerge from this theory of rational
sentimentalism. Sentimental values conflict with one another, and
with morality, but nevertheless provide practical reasons that
apply to humans-if not to all rational agents.
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