The 1979 Iranian Revolution and the subsequent formation of the new
state brought both Ayatollah Khomeini and the concept of Velayat-e
Faqih (the authority of the jurist) to a worldwide audience.
However, the concept itself has a relatively long history in Shi'i
juridical endeavors. From its inception, the Twelver Shi'i religion
justified its opposition to the dominant Sunni majority and tied
its raison d'etre to the claim of having access to 'infallible
guidance and leadership. This exclusive spiritual and political
leadership became available to Shi'ism through its belief in the
divine leadership of twelve religious figures who were all
descendents of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam. This theo-political
approach to the issue of political authority renders the concept of
Velayat-e Faqih (authority of the jurist), as advocated later by
the likes of Khomeini, both paradoxical and possible."
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