This book radically revises established knowledge in comparative
welfare state studies and introduces a new perspective on how
religion shaped modern social protection systems. The interplay of
societal cleavage structures and electoral rules produced the
different political class coalitions sustaining the three welfare
regimes of the Western world. In countries with proportional
electoral systems the absence or presence of state church conflicts
decided whether class remained the dominant source of coalition
building or whether a political logic not exclusively based on
socio-economic interests (e.g. religion) was introduced into
politics, particularly social policy. The political
class-coalitions in countries with majoritarian systems, on the
other hand, allowed only for the residual-liberal welfare state to
emerge, as in the US or the UK. This book also reconsiders the role
of Protestantism. Reformed Protestantism substantially delayed and
restricted modern social policy. The Lutheran state churches
positively contributed to the introduction of social protection
programs.
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