Why do ordinary people engage in corruption? Kelly M. McMann
contends that bureaucrats, poverty, and culture do not force
individuals in Central Asia to pay bribes, use connections, or sell
political support. Rather, corruption is a last resort when
relatives, groups in society, the market, and formal government
programs cannot provide essential goods and services. Using
evidence from her long-term research in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan,
McMann shows that Islamic institutions, secular charities,
entrepreneurs, and banks cannot provide the jobs and credit people
need. This drives individuals to illicitly seek employment and
loans from government officials.
A leading cause of this resource scarcity is market reform, as
demonstrated by McMann's analysis of these countries as well as of
Uzbekistan and global data. Market reform without supporting
institutions, such as credit registries and antimonopoly measures,
limits the resources available from the market and societal groups.
McMann finds that in these circumstances only those individuals who
have affluent relatives have an alternative to corruption.By
focusing on ordinary people, McMann offers a new understanding of
corruption. Previously, our knowledge was largely restricted to
government officials role in illicit exchanges. From her novel
approach comes a useful policy insight: supplying ordinary people
with alternatives to corruption is a fundamental and important
anticorruption strategy."
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