This book presents a cultural history of subcultures, covering a
remarkable range of subcultural forms and practices. It begins with
London's 'Elizabethan underworld', taking the rogue and vagabond as
subcultural prototypes: the basis for Marx's later view of
subcultures as the lumpenproletariat, and Henry Mayhew's view of
subcultures as 'those that will not work'. Subcultures are always
in some way non-conforming or dissenting. They are social - with
their own shared conventions, values, rituals, and so on - but they
can also seem 'immersed' or self-absorbed. This book identifies six
key ways in which subcultures have generally been understood:
- through their often negative relation to work: idle,
parasitical, hedonistic, criminal
- their negative or ambivalent relation to class
- their association with territory - the 'street', the 'hood',
the club - rather than property
- their movement away from home into non-domestic forms of
'belonging'
- their ties to excess and exaggeration (as opposed to restraint
and moderation)
- their refusal of the banalities of ordinary life and in
particular, of massification.
Subcultures looks at the way these features find expression
across many different subcultural groups: from the Ranters to the
riot grrrls, from taxi dancers to drag queens and kings, from bebop
to hip hop, from dandies to punk, from hobos to leatherfolk, and
from hippies and bohemians to digital pirates and virtual
communities. It argues that subcultural identity is primarily a
matter of narrative and narration, which means that its focus is
literary as well as sociological. It also argues for the idea of a
subculturalgeography: that subcultures inhabit places in particular
ways, their investment in them being as much imaginary as real and,
in some cases, strikingly utopian.
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