Is Botswana still 'an African miracle'? Thanks to diamonds the
country's growth rate was the highest in the world in the thirty
years into the 1990s. Since the eve of independence in 1965 it has
held regular parliamentary elections which were judged free on
polling day. However a duopoly of presidentialism and ruling party
predominance stimulated arrogance and complacency among the
country's rulers, stifling debate and preventing change. What is
'perpetual democracy'? Though the combined opposition vote reached
48 per cent at the last national elections, preponderance and
incumbency keeps the BDP in continuous power. Former President
Masire amended the constitution to ensure automatic succession to
the Vice-President. In 2008 General Ian Khama, son of Seretse and
Ruth Khama, and paramount chief of the Bamangwato, assumed
presidency over the heads of parliament and people. A new
directorate of intelligence and security provides closer control
over information and opinion. Why are San/Bushmen confined to 'a
gulag of special settlements'? The expulsion of the San from the
Central Kalahari Game Reserve was relentlessly enforced. A
multi-cultural coalition says that the government is implementing
'a philosophy of cultural genocide on the non-Tswana tribes'. How
can the 'resource curse' of diamonds be turned to reform? Professor
Good gives an extensive list of constitutional and political
reforms. He sees diversification as essential to reduce the
dependency on diamonds. He urges the use of mineral wealth to
reduce the gap between rich and poor; in this wealthy country; the
top 10 per cent command 51 per cent of national income, while the
bottom tenth get by on 1.2 per cent.
General
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