Current estimates indicate that approximately 2.2 million people
are incarcerated in federal, state, and local correctional
facilities across the United States. There are another 5 million
under community correctional supervision. Many of these individuals
fall into the classification of special needs or special
populations (e.g., women, juveniles, substance abusers, mentally
ill, aging, chronically or terminally ill offenders). Medical care
and treatment costs represent the largest portion of correctional
budgets, and estimates suggest that these costs will continue to
rise. In the community, probation and parole officers are
responsible for helping special needs offenders find appropriate
treatment resources. Therefore, it is important to understand the
needs of these special populations and how to effectively care for
and address their individual concerns. The Routledge Handbook of
Offenders with Special Needs is an in-depth examination of
offenders with special needs, such as those who are
learning-challenged, developmentally disabled, and mentally ill, as
well as substance abusers, sex offenders, women, juveniles, and
chronically and terminally ill offenders. Areas that previously
have been unexamined (or examined in a limited way) are explored.
For example, this text carefully examines the treatment of gay,
lesbian, bisexual, and transgender offenders, and racial and gender
disparities in health care delivery, as well as pregnancy and
parenthood behind bars, homelessness, and the incarceration of
veterans and immigrants. In addition, the book presents legal and
management issues related to the treatment and rehabilitation of
special populations in prisons/jails and the community, including
police-citizen interactions, diversion through specialty courts,
obstacles and challenges related to reentry and reintegration, and
the need for the development and implementation of evidence-based
criminal justice policies and practices. This is a key collection
for students taking courses in prisons, penology, criminal justice,
criminology, and related areas of study, and an essential resource
for academics and practitioners working with offenders with special
needs.
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