Warlords are individuals who control small territories within weak
states, using a combination of force and patronage. In this book,
Kimberly Marten shows why and how warlords undermine state
sovereignty. Unlike the feudal lords of a previous era, warlords
today are not state-builders. Instead they collude with
cost-conscious, corrupt, or frightened state officials to flout and
undermine state capacity. They thrive on illegality, relying on
private militias for support, and often provoke violent resentment
from those who are cut out of their networks. Some act as middlemen
for competing states, helping to hollow out their own states from
within. Countries ranging from the United States to Russia have
repeatedly chosen to ally with warlords, but Marten argues that to
do so is a dangerous proposition. Drawing on interviews, documents,
local press reports, and in-depth historical analysis, Marten
examines warlordism in the Pakistani tribal areas during the
twentieth century, in post-Soviet Georgia and the Russian republic
of Chechnya, and among Sunni militias in the U.S.-supported Anbar
Awakening and Sons of Iraq programs. In each case state leaders
(some domestic and others foreign) created, tolerated, actively
supported, undermined, or overthrew warlords and their militias.
Marten draws lessons from these experiences to generate new
arguments about the relationship between states, sovereignty,
"local power brokers," and stability and security in the modern
world.
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