Thousands of women pursued artistic careers in the United States
during the late nineteenth century. According to census figures,
the number of women among the ranks of professional artists rose
from 10 percent to nearly 50 percent between 1870 and 1890.
Examining the effects of this change, Kirsten Swinth explores how
women's growing presence in the American art world transformed both
its institutions and its ideology.
Swinth traces the careers of women painters in New York,
Philadelphia, and Boston, opening and closing her book with
discussion of the two most famous women artists of the period--Mary
Cassatt and Georgia O'Keeffe. Perhaps surprisingly, Swinth shows
that in the 1870s and 1880s men and women easily crossed the
boundaries separating conventionally masculine and feminine
artistic territories to compete with each other as well as to join
forces to professionalize art training, manage a fluid and
unpredictable art market, and shape the language of art criticism.
By the 1890s, however, women artists faced a backlash. Ultimately,
Swinth argues, these gender contests spilled beyond the world of
art to shape twentieth-century understandings of high culture and
the formation of modernism in profound ways.
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