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Books > Science & Mathematics > Science: general issues > Philosophy of science
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Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (Hardcover, 1999 ed.)
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Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (Hardcover, 1999 ed.)
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The book Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery, aims to
explain how specific modeling practices employed by scientists are
productive methods of creative changes in science. The study of
diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal reasoning has
demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and
creative reasoning which cannot be described by classical logic
alone. The study of these high-level methods of reasoning is
situated at the crossroads of philosophy, artificial intelligence,
cognitive psychology, and logic: at the heart of cognitive science.
Model based reasoning promotes conceptual change because it is
effective in abstracting, generating, and integrating constraints
in ways that produce novel results. There are several key
ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning to
be considered in this presentation. The models are intended as
interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena,
or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis
of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain.
In the modeling process, various forms of abstraction, such as
limiting case, idealization, generalization, and generic modeling
are utilized. Evaluation and adaptation take place in the light of
structural of structural, causal, and/or functional constraint
satisfaction and enhanced understanding of the target problem is
obtained through the modeling process. Simulation can be used to
produce new states and enable evaluation of behaviors, constraint
satisfaction, and other factors. The book also addresses some of
the main aspects of the concept of abduction, connecting it to the
centralepistemological question of hypothesis withdrawal in science
and model-based reasoning, where abductive interferences exhibit
their most appealing cognitive virtues. The most recent results and
achievements in the above areas are illustrated in detail by the
various contributors to the work, who are among the most respected
researchers in philosophy, artificial intelligence and cognitive
science.
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