In this book noted political sociologist Larry Diamond sets
forth a distinctive theoretical perspective on democratic evolution
and consolidation in the late twentieth century. Rejecting theories
that posit preconditions for democracy--and thus dismiss its
prospects in poor countries--Diamond argues instead for a
"developmental" theory of democracy. This, he explains, is one
which views democracy everywhere as a work in progress that emerges
piecemeal, at different rates, in different ways and forms, in
different countries.
Diamond begins by assessing the "third wave" of global
democratization that began in 1974. With a wealth of quantitative
data and case illustrations, he shows that the third wave has come
to an end, leaving a growing gap between the electoral form and the
liberal substance of democracy. This underscores the hollow,
fragile state of many democracies and the imperative of
concolidation. He then defines the concept of democratic
consolidation and identifies the conditions that foster it. These
include strong political institutions, appropriate institutional
designs, decentralization of power, a vibrant civil society, and
improved economic and political performance.
If new and troubled democracies are to be consolidated, Diamond
argues, they must become more deeply democratic--more liberal,
accountable, and responsive to their citizens. Drawing on extensive
public opinion research in developing and postcommunist states, he
demonstrates the importance of freedom, transparency, and the rule
of law for generating the broad legitimacy that is the essence of
democratic consolidation. The book concludes with a hopeful view of
the prospects for a fourth wave of global democratization.
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