Human brain imaging, connectomics, network analysis, and
neuroinformatics are just some of the important current arenas in
neuroscience addressed here. The book solves a fundamental problem
by supplying the first global, historically documented,
hierarchically organized human nervous system parts list. This
defined vocabulary accurately and systematically describes every
human nervous system structural feature that can be observed with
current imaging methods, and provides an extendible framework for
describing accurately the nervous system in all animals including
invertebrates and vertebrates alike. Research for the book began in
the late 1990s when the lack of a systematic vocabulary for
neuroanatomy became a critical problem in developing databases and
online knowledge management systems for the NIH Human Brain Project
(1995-2005), which grew out of the Institute of Medicine's
Committee on a National Neural Circuitry Database (1989). One
outcome of this research was the publication with Mihail Bota in
2011 of a Foundational Model of Connectivity. It provides the
conceptual framework for this book, which is divided into three
main parts. The first consists of four chapters discussing the
rationale behind the Lexicon of nervous system parts, historical
trends in the evolution of neuroanatomical concepts and
nomenclature, the development of hierarchical nomenclature tables,
and practical notes on using the Lexicon. The second part is the
Lexicon itself, with separate entries for 1,381 standard terms.
Each standard term has a textual definition including the method
used for identification, age, sex, and species to which it applies,
and a citation to the first use of the term as so defined. Each
entry also has, where appropriate, chronological lists of
nonstandard terms (10,928 in all): translations, alternate
spellings, earlier delineations before naming, earlier synonyms,
later synonyms, and partly corresponding terms. The third part is a
set of 10 hierarchical nomenclature tables of nervous system
standard terms.
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