With the weakening of the structural determinants of politics in
Western democracies, it is commonly assumed that individual
politicians and politicians as individuals have come to mean more
for voter behaviour and party choice. Many observers argue that
politics has become more personalized in the course of the last few
decades. Although considerable research on the various aspects of
personalization has been carried out, no single study so far has
approached the question from a broad comparative perspective. By
examining four central dimensions of personalization --
institutions, candidates, party leaders and media -- and by
including data from most stable parliamentary democracies, this
book attempts to fill part of that gap.
Karvonen demonstrates clearly that there is no linear trend
towards more personalization among the cases studied. From the
point of view of the general personalization thesis, the findings
are mixed at best; in some important respects, they are negative.
While the media tend to focus more on individual politicians, the
idea that party leaders increasingly determine the party choice of
voters finds little support in empirical evidence. Most researchers
seem to agree that the position of the prime minister has become
more dominant. A closer look at comparative evidence results in a
more complex picture. There has been a certain tendency to develop
the most party-centred electoral systems in a more
candidate-centred direction. On the other hand, recent reforms have
altered some of the most candidate-centred systems in the opposite
direction. Individual candidates seem to mean more to voters in
systems where preferential voting has been practiced for a long
time. This change is by no means dramatic, nor does it seem to
apply to other electoral systems. Karvonen shows that the
personalisation thesis, while not completely erroneous, has been
overstated not just by the media but in some of the research
literature as well.
General
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