Selenium (Se) pollution has led to several cases of severe aquatic
ecosystem deterioration due to Se poisoning caused by
bioaccumulation over time. However, the removal of selenate
(SeO42-) from wastewater streams with co-contaminants has been
largely considered as a black box in anaerobic biological systems
using mixed consortia. This research aimed at addressing the effect
of wastewater characteristics, i.e. co-contaminants such as nitrate
(NO3-) and sulfate (SO42-), heavy metals and pH, on the biological
reduction of SeO42- and evaluating process integration for Se-laden
wastewater treatment with co-contaminants. This study demonstrated
that the presence of co-contaminants can actually be beneficial for
Se removal provided that the concentrations are carefully monitored
and appropriate operating conditions and process configurations are
used. The Se removal (total Se and SeO42-) efficiency increased by
~30% in the presence of NO3- and/or SO42- compared to systems with
SeO42- alone. Additionally, an integrated process of an ion
exchange (IX) column and bioreactors showed improved overall
removal capacity for SO42- and total Se. The knowledge and
information gained from this research can help in the advancement
and application of biological processes, i.e. predicting of reactor
performance, solving specific design or practical problems and
implementing novel treatment techniques for Se-laden mine
wastewater.
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