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Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Methods (Paperback, 1981 ed.)
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Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Methods (Paperback, 1981 ed.)
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Times of dramatic progress in brain research have often been
correlated with the development of new and powerful techniques that
have changed the kinds of questions one can ask. An historical
example may illustrate the point. More than 50 years ago, Nissl
studies (Ferraro, 1928) showed that extensive forebrain lesions
resulted in chromatolysis and cell loss in the sub- stantia nigra;
thus, it was suggested that the substantia nigra gave rise to
projections into the basal forebrain. In the late 1950s, another
clue emerged, this time linking observations from the field of
neuropathology with a dis- covery in experimental neuropharmacology
(Carlsson, 1959a,b; Ehringer and Hornykiewicz, 1960). It had long
been recognized that patients with Par- kinson's disease suffered
neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and that their symptoms were
somehow related to striatal dysfunction. Thus, when flu- orescent
catecholamine assays were developed and combined with pharma-
cological and neuropathological studies of Parkinson's disease, the
dopamin- ergic nature of the illness was shown. A bit later, Falck
and Hillarp (Falck et at. , 1962) developed a fluorescent
histochemical method to visualize mono- amine-containing cells in
the brain; this technique was soon applied to show that the rich
dopaminergic terminal field in the striatum derived from neu- rons
in the substantia nigra (Anden et at. , 1964). In the following
decade, refinements in the histofluorescent method and the
development of sensitive silver impregnation methods permitted a
detailed light microscopic explo- ration of the dopaminergic
nigrostriatal system.
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