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Books > History > History of specific subjects > Economic history
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Immigrants and the Industries of London, 1500-1700 (Paperback)
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Immigrants and the Industries of London, 1500-1700 (Paperback)
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Immigration is not only a modern-day debate. Major change in Europe
in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries led to a surge of
political and religious refugees moving across the continent.
Estimates suggest that from 1550 to 1585 around 50,000 Dutch and
Walloons from the southern Netherlands settled in England, and in
the late seventeenth century 50,000 Huguenots from France followed
suit. The majority gravitated towards London which, already a
magnet for merchants and artisans across the centuries, began a
process of major transformation. New skills, capital, technical
know-how and social networks came with these migrants and helped to
spark London's cosmopolitan flair and diversity. But the early
experience of many of these immigrants in London was one of
hostility, serving to slow down the adoption and expansion of new
crafts and technologies. Immigrants and the Industries of London,
1500-1700 examines the origins and the changing face and shape of
many trades, crafts and skills in the capital in this
transformative period. It focuses on three crafts in particular:
silk weaving, beer brewing and the silver trade, crafts which had
relied heavily on foreign skills in the 16th century and had become
major industries in the capital by the 18th century. Each craft was
established by a different group of immigrants, distinguished not
only by their social backgrounds, social organisation, identity,
motives, migration pattern and experience and links with their home
country but also by the nature of their reception, assimilation and
economic contribution. Change was a protracted process in the
London of the day. Immigrants endured inferior status,
discrimination and sometimes exclusion, and this affected both
their ability to integrate and their willingness to share trade
secrets. And resistance by the English population meant that the
adoption of new skills often took a long time - in some cases more
than three centuries - to complete. The book places the adoption of
new crafts and technologies in London within a broader European
context, and relates it to the phenomenal growth of the metropolis
and technological developments within these specific trades. It
throws new perspectives on the movement of skills from Europe and
the transmission of know-how from the immigrant population to
English artisans. The book explores how, through enterprise and
persistence, the immigrants' contribution helped transform London
from a peripheral and backward European city to become the workshop
of the world by the nineteenth century. By way of conclusion the
book brings the current immigration debate full circle to examine
the lessons we can draw from this early-modern experience.
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