Lisa Clark's scholarly account of the development of the organic
movement in the United States and Canada beautifully explains the
decades-long transition from understanding organic production as
inextricably tied to healthy soils, communities, and social justice
('process-based') to views of organics as meeting certain standards
for marketing purposes (product-based). Read this book and you will
care deeply about the difference in these views as well as
understand current debates about the future of organics.' - Marion
Nestle, New York University, US and author of What to Eat'In this
fascinating book, Lisa F. Clark presents the history of organic
food in North America, from its early roots as a marginal farming
activity to its well-established position in today's food market.
She analyses political institutions, social movements and corporate
actors in how they deal with the delicate question of balancing the
search for increasing the market for organic food while maintaining
broad organic values. Without offering simple answers to this
question, Clark offers important insights into the different
approaches to this question. This book is very interesting and
highly relevant for anyone interested in organic food in North
America and beyond.' - Peter Oosterveer, Wageningen University, the
Netherlands 'In a globalized food system that struggles to connect
the environmental, social, economic and governance dimensions of
sustainability, this book provides precious insights. It documents
the birth, development and 'mid-age crisis' of the organic movement
in North America. The historic lack of clarity between organic
principles and practices, and especially the insertion of the
organic sector into the global trade regime, have left behind the
process-related goal of organic production. Seventy years of
lessons, ebbs and flows of a movement searching for an authentic
future. A must read for all those interested in sustainable
agriculture, institutional challenges faced by value-based
movements and visioning organic agriculture pathways.' - Nadia
El-Hage Scialabba, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, Italy The Changing Politics of Organic Food in North
America explores the political dynamics of the remarkable
transition of organic food from a 'fringe fad' in the 1960s to a
multi-billion dollar industry in the 2000s. Taking a
multidisciplinary, institutionalist approach that integrates social
movement theory, public policy analysis and value chain analysis,
it tells the story of how the organic movement responded to the
social, economic and political changes brought on by the rise of
industrial agriculture in the twentieth century. This book examines
how the changing constellation of actors, institutions and ideas
involved in the politics of organic food influenced the evolving
goals and principles of the organic movement, including the muting
of social and political organic principles in formal policy and the
eclipse of the 'process-based' definition of organic by the
'product-based' definition. It discusses the integration of organic
food into the globalized food system and how food and agriculture
movements have responded to the forces of industrialization and
globalization, as well as critically analyzing the vulnerability of
social movements that do not address market interactions in their
mandates. This timely and impactful book is a theoretical and
empirical resource for researchers and advanced students working on
organic food, agriculture, comparative public policy analysis,
trade policy, institutionalism and social movements, as well as
those involved in making food and agriculture policy.
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