The study of Islam has historically been approached in two
different ways: apologetical and polemical. The former focuses on
the preservation and propagation of religious teachings, and the
latter on the attempt to undermine the tradition. The dialectic
between these two approaches continued into the Enlightenment, and
the tension between them still exists today. What is new in the
modern period, however, is the introduction of a third approach,
the academic one, which ostensibly examines the tradition in
diverse historical, religious, legal, intellectual, and
philosophical contexts. Classical Islamic subjects (e.g., Qur'an,
hadith, fiqh, tafsir) are now studied using a combination of the
apologetical, the polemical, and the academic approaches. Depending
upon the historical period and the institutional context, these
classical topics have been accepted (apologetical), have had their
truth claims undermined (polemical), or have simply been taken for
granted (academic). This volume, comprising chapters by leading
experts, deconstructs the ways in which classical Muslim
scholarship has structured (and, indeed, continues to structure)
the modern study of Islam. It explores how classical subjects have
been approached traditionally, theologically, and secularly, in
addition to examining some of the tensions inherent in these
approaches.
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