The Communist Party was the only political movement on the left
in the late 1920s and 1930s to place racial justice and equality at
the top of its agenda and to seek, and ultimately win, sympathy
among African Americans. This historic effort to fuse red and black
offers a rich vein of experience and constitutes the theme of "The
Cry Was Unity."
Utilizing for the first time materials related to African
Americans from the Moscow archives of the Communist Inter-national
(Comintern), "The Cry Was Unity" traces the trajectory of the
black-red relationship from the end of World War I to the
tumultuous 1930s. From the just-recovered transcript of the pivotal
debate on African Americans at the 6th Comintern Congress in 1928,
the book assesses the impact of the Congress's declaration that
blacks in the rural South constituted a nation within a nation,
entitled to the right of self-determination. Despite the theory's
serious flaws, it fused the black struggle for freedom and
revolutionary content and demanded that white labor recognize
blacks as indispensable allies.
As the Great Depression unfolded, the Communists launched
intensive campaigns against lynching, evictions, and discrimination
in jobs and relief and opened within their own ranks a searing
assault on racism. While the Party was never able to win a majority
of white workers to the struggle for Negro rights, or to achieve
the unqualified support of the black majority, it helped to lay the
foundations for the freedom struggle of the 1950s and 1960s.
"The Cry Was Unity" underscores the successes and failures of
the Communist-led left and the ways in which it fought against
racism and inequality. This struggle comprises an important missing
page that needs to be returned to the nation's history.
Mark Solomon, an emeritus professor at Simmons College, is the
author of "Red and Black: Communism and Afro-Americans, 1929-1935,"
"Death Waltz to Armageddon: E. P. Thompson and the Peace Movement,"
and "Stopping World War II "(with Michael Myerson).
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