Debates about global justice have traditionally fallen into two
camps. Statists believe that principles of justice can only be held
among those who share a state. Those who fall outside this realm
are merely owed charity. Cosmopolitans, on the other hand, believe
that justice applies equally among all human beings. "On Global
Justice" shifts the terms of this debate and shows how both views
are unsatisfactory. Stressing humanity's collective ownership of
the earth, Mathias Risse offers a new theory of global distributive
justice--what he calls "pluralist internationalism"--where in
different contexts, different principles of justice apply.
Arguing that statists and cosmopolitans seek overarching answers
to problems that vary too widely for one single justice
relationship, Risse explores who should have how much of what we
all need and care about, ranging from income and rights to spaces
and resources of the earth. He acknowledges that especially
demanding redistributive principles apply among those who share a
country, but those who share a country also have obligations of
justice to those who do not because of a universal humanity, common
political and economic orders, and a linked global trading system.
Risse's inquiries about ownership of the earth give insights into
immigration, obligations to future generations, and obligations
arising from climate change. He considers issues such as fairness
in trade, responsibilities of the WTO, intellectual property
rights, labor rights, whether there ought to be states at all, and
global inequality, and he develops a new foundational theory of
human rights.
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