Halogenated organic compounds constitute one of the largest groups
of environmental chemicals. The industrial production of new
halogenated organic compounds has increased throughout the last
century and these compounds are integral to a variety of industrial
applications. Although organohalide compounds are typically
considered to be anthropogenic industrial compounds, these have
their counterpart in several thousands of natural biogenic and
geogenic organohalides, representing most classes of organic
chemicals. Natural sources account for a significant portion of the
global organohalogen budget.
This volume, authored by leading experts in the field, provides
a current perspective on how both natural and synthetic
organohalides are formed and degraded, and how these processes are
incorporated into a global halogen cycle. The list of organohalides
that can be utilized by microbes continues to increase
dramatically, as do the number of dehalogenating microorganisms
that have been identified and characterized. A critical step in the
degradation of organohalides is cleavage of the carbon-halogen
bond, and microorganisms have evolved a variety of metabolic
strategies for dehalogenation. The chapters provide a global
perspective on the diversity of dehalogenating microorganisms,
explore their ecology, biochemistry and genetics, and review the
range of biologically-mediated dehalogenation mechanisms. Many of
the problematic organohalides, such as pesticides,
chlorofluorocarbons, chlorinated solvents, polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls, are covered in
detail. The book provides a comprehensive overview of fate of these
compounds in the environment, practicalapplications in the
laboratory and the field, and strategies for the development of
bioremediation technologies for organohalide-contaminated
sites.
Detailed information on biodegradation and biotransformation
mechanisms for a variety of organohalides and on the microorganisms
mediating these processes has greatly increased our understanding
of the cycling and fate of these unique and widespread compounds in
our environment. The book will serve as a comprehensive resource on
the processes and applications of microbial degradation of
halogenated organic compounds.
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