A leading scholar of China's modern political development examines
the changing relationship between the Chinese people and the state.
Correcting the conventional view of China as having instituted
extraordinary economic changes but having experienced few political
reforms in the post-Mao period, Merle Goldman details efforts by
individuals and groups to assert their political rights.
China's move to the market and opening to the outside world have
loosened party controls over everyday life and led to the emergence
of ideological diversity. Starting in the 1980s, multi-candidate
elections for local officials were held, and term limits were
introduced for communist party leaders. Establishment intellectuals
who have broken away from party patronage have openly criticized
government policies. Those intellectuals outside the party
structures, because of their participation in the Cultural
Revolution or the 1989 Tiananmen Square demonstrations, have
organized petitions, published independent critiques, formed
independent groups, and even called for a new political system.
Despite the party's repeated attempts to suppress these
efforts, awareness about political rights has been spreading among
the general population. Goldman emphasizes that these changes do
not guarantee movement toward democracy, but she sees them as
significant and genuine advances in the assertion of political
rights in China.
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