Uncovering the historical roots of naturalistic, secular
contemporary ethics, in this 2006 volume Michael Gill shows how the
British moralists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
completed a Copernican revolution in moral philosophy. They
effected a shift from thinking of morality as independent of human
nature to thinking of it as part of human nature itself. He also
shows how the British Moralists - sometimes inadvertently,
sometimes by design - disengaged ethical thinking, first from
distinctly Christian ideas and then from theistic commitments
altogether. Examining in detail the arguments of Whichcote,
Cudworth, Shaftesbury, and Hutcheson against Calvinist conceptions
of original sin and egoistic conceptions of human motivation, Gill
also demonstrates how Hume combined the ideas of earlier British
moralists with his own insights to produce an account of morality
and human nature that undermined some of his predecessors' most
deeply held philosophical goals.
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