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Books > Medicine > Other branches of medicine > Pharmacology > Medical toxicology
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The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology (Paperback)
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The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology (Paperback)
Series: History of Toxicology and Environmental Health
Expected to ship within 12 - 19 working days
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The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology uses a
chronological approach to demonstrate how the use of alternative
methods has evolved from their conception as adjuncts to
traditional animal toxicity tests to replacements for them. This
volume in the History of Toxicology and Environmental Health series
explores the history of alternative test development, validation,
and use, with an emphasis on humanity and good science, in line
with the Three Rs (Replacement,Reduction, Refinement) concept
expounded by William Russell and Rex Burch in 1959 in their now
classic volume, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique.
The book describes the historical development of technologies that
have influenced the application of alternatives in toxicology and
safety testing. These range from single cell monocultures to
sophisticated, miniaturised and microfluidic organism-on-a-chip
devices, and also include molecular modelling, chemoinformatics and
QSAR analysis, and the use of stem cells, tissue engineering and
hollow fibre bioreactors. This has been facilitated by the wider
availability of human tissues, advances in tissue culture,
analytical and diagnostic methods, increases in computational
processing, capabilities, and a greater understanding of cell
biology and molecular mechanisms of toxicity. These technological
developments have enhanced the range and information content of the
toxicity endpoints detected, and therefore the relevance of test
systems and data interpretation, while new techniques for
non-invasive diagnostic imaging and high resolution detection
methods have permitted an increased role for human studies. Several
key examples of how these technologies are being harnessed to meet
21st century safety assessment challenges are provided, including
their deployment in integrated testing schemes in conjunction with
kinetic modelling, and in specialized areas, such as inhalation
toxicity studies. The History of Alternative Test Methods in
Toxicology uses a chronological approach to demonstrate how the use
of alternative methods has evolved from their conception as
adjuncts to traditional animal toxicity tests to replacements for
them. This volume in the History of Toxicology and Environmental
Health series explores the history of alternative test development,
validation, and use, with an emphasis on humanity and good science,
in line with the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement)
concept expounded by William Russell and Rex Burch in 1959 in their
now-classic volume, The Principles of Humane Experimental
Technique. The book describes the historical development of
technologies that have influenced the application of alternatives
in toxicology and safety testing. These range from single cell
monocultures to sophisticated miniaturised and microfluidic
organism-on-a-chip devices, and also include molecular modelling,
chemoinformatics and QSAR analysis, and the use of stem cells,
tissue engineering and hollow fibre bioreactors. This has been
facilitated by the wider availability of human tissues, advances in
tissue culture, analytical and diagnostic methods, increases in
computational processing capabilities, and a greater understanding
of cell biology and molecular mechanisms of toxicity. These
technological developments have enhanced the range and information
content of the toxicity endpoints detected, and therefore the
relevance of test systems and data interpretation, while new
techniques for non-invasive diagnostic imaging and high resolution
detection methods have permitted an increased role for human
studies. Several key examples of how these technologies are being
harnessed to meet 21st century safety assessment challenges are
provided, including their deployment in integrated testing schemes
in conjunction with kinetic modelling, and in specialised areas,
such as inhalation toxicity studies.
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