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Energy and Entropy - Equilibrium to Stationary States (Hardcover, 2010 ed.)
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Energy and Entropy - Equilibrium to Stationary States (Hardcover, 2010 ed.)
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The study of thermodynamics is often limited to classical
thermodynamics where minimal laws and concepts lead to a wealth of
equations and applications. The resultant equations best describe
systems at equilibrium with no temporal or s- tial parameters. The
equations do, however, often provide accurate descriptions for
systems close to equilibrium. . Statistical thermodynamics produces
the same equilibrium information starting with the microscopic
properties of the atoms or molecules in the system that correlates
with the results from macroscopic classical thermodynamics. Because
both these disciplines develop a wealth of information from a few
starting postulates, e. g. , the laws of thermodyamics, they are
often introduced as independent disciplines. However, the concepts
and techniques dev- oped for these disciplines are extremely useful
in many other disciplines. This book is intended to provide an
introduction to these disciplines while revealing the connections
between them. Chemical kinetics uses the statistics and
probabilities developed for statistical thermodynamics to explain
the evolution of a system to equilibrium. Irreversible
thermodynamics, which is developed from the equations of classical
thermodyn- ics, centers on distance-dependent forces, and
time-dependent ?uxes. The force ?ux equations of irreversible
thermodynamics lead are generated from the intensive and extensive
variables of classical thermodynamics. These force ?ux equations
lead, in turn, to transport equations such as Fick's ?rst law of
diffusion and the Nernst Planck equation for electrochemical
transport. The book illustrates the concepts using some simple
examples.
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