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Books > Humanities > Archaeology > Archaeological methodology & techniques
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Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils - The Backbone of Archaeological Dating (Hardcover, 1999 ed.)
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Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils - The Backbone of Archaeological Dating (Hardcover, 1999 ed.)
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It is difficult for today's students of archaeology to imagine an
era when chronometric dating methods were unavailable. However,
even a casual perusal of the large body of literature that arose
during the first half of the twentieth century reveals a battery of
clever methods used to determine the relative ages of
archaeological phenomena, often with considerable precision.
Stratigraphic excavation is perhaps the best known of the various
relative-dating methods used by prehistorians. Although there are
several techniques of using artifacts from superposed strata to
measure time, these are rarely if ever differentiated. Rather,
common practice is to categorize them under the heading
stratigraphic excavation'. This text distinguishes among the
several techniques and argues that stratigraphic excavation tends
to result in discontinuous measures of time - a point little
appreciated by modern archaeologists. Although not as well known as
stratigraphic excavation, two other methods of relative dating have
figured important in Americanist archaeology: seriation and the use
of index fossils. The latter (like stratigraphic excavation)
measures time discontinuously, while the former - in various guises
- measures time continuously. Perhaps no other method used in
archaeology is as misunderstood as seriation, and the authors
provide detailed descriptions and examples of each of its three
different techniques. Each method and technique of relative dating
is placed in historical perspective, with particular focus on
developments in North America, an approach that allows a more
complete understanding of the methods described, both in terms of
analytical technique and disciplinary history. This textwill appeal
to all archaeologists, from graduate students to seasoned
professionals, who want to learn more about the backbone of
archaeological dating.
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