This book examines the causes and consequences of a major
transformation in both domestic and international politics: the
shift from dynastically legitimated monarchical sovereignty to
popularly legitimated national sovereignty. It analyzes the impact
of Enlightenment discourse on politics in eighteenth-century Europe
and the United States, showing how that discourse facilitated new
authority struggles in Old Regime Europe, shaped the American and
French Revolutions, and influenced the relationships between the
revolutionary regimes and the international system.
The interaction between traditional and democratic ideas of
legitimacy transformed the international system by the early
nineteenth century, when people began to take for granted the
desirability of equality, individual rights, and restraint of
power. Using an interpretive, historically sensitive approach to
international relations, the author considers the complex interplay
between elite discourses about political legitimacy and strategic
power struggles within and among states. She shows how culture,
power, and interests interacted to produce a crucial yet poorly
understood case of international change.
The book not only shows the limits of liberal and realist
theories of international relations, but also demonstrates how
aspects of these theories can be integrated with insights derived
from a constructivist perspective that takes culture and legitimacy
seriously. The author finds that cultural contests over the terms
of political legitimacy constitute one of the central mechanisms by
which the character of sovereignty is transformed in the
international system--a conclusion as true today as it was in the
eighteenth century.
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