The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) gathers data through the sensor
nodes from an area of interest and then processes it. The
performance of WSN is, however, constrained by limited energy
supply, requirement for collision free channel access and low
bandwidth. This book focuses on the network layer of the OSI model
and investigates some of the existing cluster-based hierarchical
protocols. One of the problems of the existing algorithms is that
the generated clusters are not uniformly distributed. Moreover, the
optimum number of cluster formation is not guaranteed. We have
proposed a hierarchical cluster-based algorithm called Iterative
Cluster Formation (ICF). ICF forms the clusters iteratively and
ensures a more uniform distribution of the cluster heads. ICF
manages to control the placement of the cluster heads and
guarantees an optimum number of cluster heads. ICF pursues a
hierarchical clustering scheme which lowers the number of
high-range transmission. Simulation results show that ICF performs
better than the existing cluster-based protocols in terms of
reducing the energy dissipation and increasing the network lifetime
significantly.
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