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Oncogenes as Transcriptional Regulators - Retroviral Oncogenes (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1997)
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Oncogenes as Transcriptional Regulators - Retroviral Oncogenes (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1997)
Series: Progress in Gene Expression
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The intensive study of molecular events leading to cellular
transformation in tissue culture or in intact organisms culminated
in the identification of 100 or more genes that can be defined as
oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Functionally, these genes can
be divided into several classes, each involved in a different step
in transmission of signals from the exterior of the cell to the
nucleus. The first oncogenes to be biochemically character ized
included membrane receptors for growth factors, growth factors
themselves, protein kinases or small GTP binding proteins involved
in signal transduction. Later, the development of techniques to
study pro teins-DNA interaction in eucaryotes and the isolation and
characterization of many promoter and enhancer sequences revealed
that a number of the classical retroviral oncogenes were indeed
transcription factors. In paral lel, the rapid progress in the
identification and cloning of chromosomal translocations in human
and animal malignancies and the increased reper toire of known
transcription factors families revealed that many other
transcription factors can playa critical role in cancer. A more
recent devel opment concerns tumor suppressor genes. The
realization that human tumors are frequently associated with a loss
of function of one or several genes is also one of the landmarks of
cancer research in the last 15 years. Again, as we will see below,
some of these genes encode transcription factors. It is becoming
increasingly difficult to cover in a single monograph all oncogenes
and tumor suppressor genes.
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