Regeneration of supporting tissue to tooth surfaces affected by
periodontitis has long been an ideal goal of periodontal therapy.
Periodontitis affected root surfaces are hyper mineralized and
contaminated with cytotoxic and other biologically active
substances. Such surfaces are not biocompatible with adjacent
periodontal cells, the proliferation of which is pivotal for
periodontal wound healing. Traditional surgical and non-surgical
periodontal therapies aim at arresting periodontal disease by
removal of plaque-"invested" tissues from disease-affected roots.
However complete removal appears not possible with only mechanical
debridement. Thus, root conditioning has been recommended as an
adjunct to mechanical root surface debridement to remove smear
layer and root associated endotoxins and to expose collagen fibers
on the dentin surface. A number of agents have been proposed which
when applied remove the smear layer, eliminate the cytotoxic
material like endotoxins, uncover and widen the orifices of
dentinal tubules and expose the dentin collagen matrix. This
collagen matrix is thought to provide a substrate which supports
chemotaxis, migration and attachment.
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