Do environmental problems and processes produce violence? Current
U.S. policy about environmental conflict and scholarly work on
environmental security assume direct causal links between
population growth, resource scarcity, and violence. This belief, a
staple of governmental decision-making during both Clinton
administrations and widely held in the environmental security
field, depends on particular assumptions about the nature of the
state, the role of population growth, and the causes of
environmental degradation.
The conventional understanding of environmental security, and
its assumptions about the relation between violence and the
environment, are challenged and refuted in Violent Environments.
Chapters by geographers, historians, anthropologists, and
sociologists include accounts of ethnic war in Indonesia,
petro-violence in Nigeria and Ecuador, wildlife conservation in
Tanzania, and "friendly fire" at Russia's nuclear weapons
sites.
Violent Environments portrays violence as a site-specific
phenomenon rooted in local histories and societies, yet connected
to larger processes of material transformation and power relations.
The authors argue that specific resource environments, including
tropical forests and oil reserves, and environmental processes
(such as deforestation, conservation, or resource abundance) are
constituted by and in part constitute the political economy of
access to and control over resources. Violent Environments demands
new approaches to an international set of complex problems,
powerfully arguing for deeper, more ethnographically informed
analyses of the circumstances and processes that cause
violence.
General
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