With advances in carbon composite material, magnetic bearings,
microprocessors, and high-speed power switching devices, work has
begun on a space qualifiable Energy Momentum Wheel (EMW). An EMW is
a device that can be used on a satellite to store energy, like a
chemical battery, and manage angular momentum, like a reaction
wheel. These combined functions are achieved by the simultaneous
and balanced operation of two or more energy storage flywheels. An
energy storage flywheel typically consists of a carbon composite
rotor driven by a brushless DC motor/generator. Each rotor has a
relatively large angular moment of inertia and is suspended on
magnetic bearings to minimize energy loss. The use of flywheel
batteries on spacecraft will increase system efficiencies (mass and
power), while reducing design-production time and life-cycle cost.
This paper will present a discussion of flywheel battery design
considerations and a simulation of spacecraft system performance
utilizing four flywheel batteries to combine energy storage and
momentum management for a typical LEO satellite. A proposed set of
control laws and an engineering animation will also be presented.
Once flight qualified and demonstrated, space flywheel batteries
may alter the architecture of most medium and high-powered
spacecraft.
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