Ever since its appearance in Europe five centuries ago, the
rosary has been a widespread, highly visible devotion among Roman
Catholics. Its popularity has persisted despite centuries of often
seismic social upheaval, cultural change, and institutional reform.
In form, the rosary consists of a ritually repeated sequence of
prayers accompanied by meditations on episodes in the lives of
Christ and Mary. As a devotional object of round beads strung on
cord or wire, the rosary has changed very little since its
introduction centuries ago. Today, the rosary can be found on
virtually every continent, and in the hands of hard-line
traditionalists as well as progressive Catholics. It is beloved by
popes, professors, protesters, commuters on their way to work,
children learning their "first prayers," and homeless persons
seeking shelter and safety.
Why has this particular devotional object been so ubiquitous and
resilient, especially in the face of Catholicism's reinvention in
the Early Modern, or "Counter-Reformation," Era? Nathan D. Mitchell
argues in lyric prose that to understand the rosary's adaptability,
it is essential to consider the changes Catholicism itself began to
experience in the aftermath of the Reformation.
Unlike many other scholars of this period, Mitchell argues that
after the Reformation Catholicism actually became more innovative
and diversified rather than retrenched and monolithic. This
innovation was especially evident in the sometimes "subversive";
visual representations of sacred subjects, such as in the paintings
of Caravaggio, and in new ways of perceiving the relation between
Catholic devotion and the liturgy's ritual symbols. The rosary was
thus involved not only in how Catholics gave flesh to their faith,
but in new ways of constructing their personal and collective
identity. Ultimately, Mitchell employs the history of the rosary,
and the concomitant devotion to the Virgin Mary with which it is
associated, as a lens through which to better understand early
modern Catholic history.
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