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Books > Medicine > Other branches of medicine > Pharmacology > Medical toxicology
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Veterans and Agent Orange - Update 2014 (Hardcover)
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Veterans and Agent Orange - Update 2014 (Hardcover)
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From 1962 to 1971, the US military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam
to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition
forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to
clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps
and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D),
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and
cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main
chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D
and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying,
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of
dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the
production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some
other formulations sprayed in Vietnam. Because of complaints from
returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their
children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse
effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academy of
Sciences was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of
scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of
exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the
various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated
evaluations were conducted every two years to review newly
available literature and draw conclusions from the overall
evidence. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2014 is a cumulative
report of the series thus far. Table of Contents Front Matter
Summary 1 Introduction 2 Evaluating the Evidence 3 Exposure to the
Herbicides Used in Vietnam 4 Information Related to Biologic
Plausibility 5 Epidemiologic Studies: Compendium of New
Publications 6 Epidemiologic Studies: Background on Multiply
Referenced Populations 7 Immune-System Disorders 8 Cancers 9
Effects on Veterans' Fertility and Reproductive Success 10 Effects
on Veterans' Descendants 11 Neurologic Disorders 12 Cardiovascular
and Metabolic Outcomes 13 Other Chronic Health Outcomes 14
Conclusions and Recommendations References Appendix A: Issues
Raised by the Public and Agendas of Public Meetings Held by the
Committee and Other Written Submissions to the Committee Appendix
B: Short-Term Adverse Health Responses Appendix C: Clarification of
Cancer Groupings Used in Reporting Results, with Correspondence to
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Cause-of-Death Codes and International Classification of Diseases
Codes for Cancers Appendix D: Committee and Staff Biographies
General
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