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The Growth of Incarceration in the United States - Exploring Causes and Consequences (Paperback)
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The Growth of Incarceration in the United States - Exploring Causes and Consequences (Paperback)
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After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the
rate of imprisonment in the United States more than quadrupled
during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2
million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under
one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons.
The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100
adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in
Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is
largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's
population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority,
and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of
drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and
lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration
in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous
critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what
prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the
people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S.
society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines
research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates
and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States
has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison
can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where
these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of
injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the
United States recommends changes in sentencing policy, prison
policy, and social policy to reduce the nation's reliance on
incarceration. The report also identifies important research
questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for
policy. The study assesses the evidence and its implications for
public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate
about and reconsideration of policies. Table of Contents Front
Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Rising Incarceration Rates 3
Policies and Practices Contributing to High Rates of Incarceration
4 The Underlying Causes of Rising Incarceration: Crime, Politics,
and Social Change 5 The Crime Prevention Effects of Incarceration 6
The Experience of Imprisonment 7 Consequences for Health and Mental
Health 8 Consequences for Employment and Earnings 9 Consequences
for Families and Children 10 Consequences for Communities 11 Wider
Consequences for U.S. Society 12 The Prison in Society: Values and
Principles 13 Findings, Conclusions, and Implications References
Appendix A: Supplementary Statement by Ricardo H. Hinojosa Appendix
B: Data Sources Appendix C: Incarceration in the United States:A
Research Agenda Appendix D: Biographical Sketches of Committee
Members
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